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Copper is an essential mineral in the body. It is a cofactor of several enzymatic reactions and is related to growth, cardiovascular integrity, immune response and iron metabolism, among other biochemical and physiological functions.
The copper ingested by the diet is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, being transported to the liver. In it, it is stored or linked to ceruloplasmin, and can then be distributed to the organism or excreted by bile.
About 95% of serum copper is bound to ceruloplasmin, a protein that converts Fe ions2+ in Fe3+, which are transported to the bone marrow for the synthesis of new red blood cells (red blood cells). Thus, copper deficiency is directly related to iron deficiency anemia.
Its presence is also essential for the development and functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), being involved, directly or indirectly, in several diseases, such as: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease.
The maintenance of copper concentrations in the body is also essential for the correct functioning of cellular energy metabolism. In it, copper acts as a cofactor for the enzyme Cytochrome C Oxidase, which is part of the electron transport chain of mitochondria and plays an essential role in the generation of energy for cells.
The alteration of the cellular structure of the mitochondria, and, consequently, of its function, can be observed when there is an accumulation of copper in the body, which occurs in one of the main dysfunctions associated with copper: Wilson's disease.
This is a genetic disease that causes a mutation in the transporter responsible for the excretion of copper in the bile. As a consequence, there is an accumulation of copper in the liver and other vital organs, such as the brain, which can be fatal.
Biotécnica, always at the service of life, recognizes the fundamental role that copper plays in the body and is launching a new copper determination kit, with excellent performance characteristics. In addition, it also has zinc and other ions determination kits in its portfolio, providing complete assistance in monitoring serum electrolytes.
Fernanda Rebellato Giordano Martim
References:
V., Desai; SG, Kaler. Role of copper in human neurological disorders. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2008 Sep 1; 88 (3): 855S-8S.
HZ, Grotto. Iron Metabolism: An Overview On The Main Mechanisms Involved In Its Homeostasis. Brazilian Journal of Hematology and Hemotherapy. 2008.
RJ, Cousins. Absorption, transport, and hepatic metabolism of copper and zinc: special reference to metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. Physiological reviews. 1985 Apr; 65 (2): 238-309.
JJ, Anderson. Nutrition of Minerals in Relation to Human Function. Elsevier. 2019
H., Zischka, C., Einer. Mitochondrial copper homeostasis and its derailment in Wilson disease. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. 2018 Sep 1; 102: 71-5.
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